Thousands of people have fled a rebel-held town in Syria after it was bombed and shelled in an operation that has prompted fears of a major assault by ground troops, the United Nations said.

The fighting came as peace talks in Geneva neared the end of a second round with the government and opposition sides sticking to their positions and as far from agreement as ever.

Violence has spiraled as each side seeks the upper hand. "Nearly 5,000 people have been killed just since these talks began," a senior US official said in Geneva on Friday.

Military action in the town of Yabroud, in western Syria near the border with Lebanon, would fit with the government's aim of securing a corridor linking Damascus with President Bashar al-Assad's heartland on the Mediterranean coast.

"We have received reports from within Syria that there have been numerous aerial attacks and shelling along with a military build-up around the town, suggesting a major assault by land may be imminent," UN human rights spokesman Rupert Colville said.

Some estimates suggested as many as 40,000 to 50,000 people were still in the town with thousands of others fleeing over the last few days, he said.

Electricity was cut off on Wednesday and field hospitals are short of medical supplies as scores of people require urgent treatment, Colville told a news briefing in Geneva.

Failure to allow civilians to leave would amount to "grave violations" of international humanitarian law by Damascus.

About 500 or 600 fleeing families have already arrived in Arsal, Lebanon, and the UN refugee agency expects a big influx across the border, UNHCR spokeswoman Melissa Fleming said.

Al-Manar television, run by Assad's allies in the Lebanese Shi'ite group Hezbollah, said the Syrian army had advanced in the Yabroud area, seizing control of the town's main road and a nearby border crossing it said was used for smuggling.

In Geneva, international mediator Lakhdar Brahimi told delegates he plans to take the talks into a third round but has not set a date for their resumption, opposition negotiator Ahmad Jakal said.

Brahimi said there would be a further session of talks on Saturday and he would fly to New York shortly to meet UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, Jakal told Reuters.

A senior Russian diplomat said Damascus was committed to peace talks but would not discuss the creation of a transitional governing body until its opponents pledge a joint fight against "terrorism", the term Syria uses for the revolt.

The opposition meanwhile has insisted that talk of ending the war, which has killed more than 130,000 people, is futile without agreeing on the transitional government that would oversee any peace deal.

"I would not say the negotiations are at a dead-end - they haven't even started," Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Gennady Gatilov said in Geneva, according to the Itar-Tass news agency. "Unfortunately, the sides have not yet agreed an agenda."

Russia has been Assad's most powerful international supporter during the conflict, using its veto in the UN Security Council to block Western and Arab efforts to pressure his government with condemnation and the threat of sanctions.

The senior US official, who declined to be named said Syria's government delegation had been "stonewalling every step of the way" in the Geneva talks and Washington expected Russia to pressure them to engage seriously in the peace process.

Adding to the gloom, sources involved in an international plan to rid Syria of chemical weapons said Damascus had relinquished just 11 per cent so far and was set to miss a politically-loaded deadline mid-year to destroy the stockpile.

By agreeing to give up his weapons of mass destruction, Assad averted US led missile strikes, the threat of which was prompted by the August 21 poison gas attack outside Damascus that killed hundreds of women and children.

The only tangible achievement of the peace negotiations so far has been a temporary ceasefire in Homs to allow in humanitarian aid and to let people leave the city.

One man waiting among a group of evacuees from Homs for questioning by Syrian security forces, Hodwan al-Masri, said he knew he could not hide his identity. "I am a known brigade commander, with my face all over social media," he said.

Masri left the city in the hope of persuading the authorities to let him go into exile. "All I need is 48 hours and I'll be out of the country. I hope they let me go."

Males between 15 and 55 years old - of military age according to the Syrian authorities - have been held in a school for screening, raising fears they may be imprisoned, tortured or killed.

Elsewhere, a car bomb killed at least 32 people the town of al-Yadouda near the border with Jordan on Friday, including 10 rebel fighters and at least one child, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported.

Near Aleppo, an al Qaeda splinter group executed at least 21 people, including relatives of fighters from rival rebel groups, the Observatory added, an incident that could worsen infighting among enemies of Assad.-Reuters