The US and European Union called on Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad to step down on Thursday after a five-month crackdown on protests in which UN
investigators said troops used an apparent "shoot-to-kill policy" and widespread torture.

While UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Assad had assured him that military operations were over, activists said Syrian forces had carried out raids in Deir Al-Zor and surrounded a mosque in Latakia on Thursday.

President Barack Obama ordered Syrian government assets in the US frozen, banned US citizens from operating or investing in Syria and banned US import of Syria petroleum.

In a coordinated move, European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton called on Assad to step aside and said the EU was preparing to broaden sanctions against Syria.

"The future of Syria must be determined by its people, but President Bashar Al-Assad is standing in their way," Obama said.
"His calls for dialogue and reform have rung hollow while he is imprisoning, torturing and slaughtering his own people."     

United Nations human rights investigators said Assad's forces had carried out systematic attacks on civilians, often firing at short range and without warning and committing violations that may amount to crimes against humanity.

In a telephone call with Assad on Wednesday UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon joined a chorus of condemnation, expressing alarm at reports of widespread violations of human rights and excessive use of force by security forces against civilians.     

As well as the growing Western pressure, Assad also faces criticism from regional Arab states and neighbouring Turkey over his military campaign against the uprising that escalated after the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan on August 1.

"Assad is trying to convince Turkey that the attacks have stopped, which could also help appease the United States, thinking he could once again stop Washington from calling on him to step down," a Western diplomat in Damascus said, before Obama's statement.

"But the operations have not even stopped."     

Assad, who inherited power in 2000 from his father, clearly believes overwhelming force will extinguish calls for the dismantling of the police state and the Assad clan's monopoly on power, free elections and an end to corruption.

For Assad to enact the reforms he has been promising since he came to power, he would have to purge his strongest allies and end the control of the security apparatus over the state.  Since they are the pillars of his power, that appears unlikely. - Reuters